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Computer graphics in Python

Advanced vector graphics using Pycairo and Python

Pycairo is a great library for creating high quality vector graphics in Python. This book covers the full features of the library in detail, with practical code examples and illustrations, from an author with many years experience in computer graphics software.

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About

About

About the Book

The Pycairo library is a Python graphics library. This book covers the library in detail, with lots of practical code examples.

PyCairo is an efficient, fully featured, high quality graphics library, with similar drawing capabilities to other vector libraries and languages such as SVG, PDF, HTML canvas and Java graphics.

Typical use cases include: standalone Python scripts to create an image, chart, or diagram; server side image creation for the web (for example a graph of share prices that updates hourly); desktop applications, particularly those that involve interactive images or diagrams.

The power of Pycairo, with the expressiveness of Python, is also a great combination for making procedural images such as mathematical illustrations and generative art. It is also quite simple to generate image sequences that can be converted to video or animated gifs.

This book is primarily aimed at developers who have at least a small amount of Python experience, who are looking to use Python to create computer graphics for any application. The examples in the book use basic Python constructs, you don't need to be a Python guru to learn Pycairo. No prior knowledge of computer graphics is assumed, although if you have used other graphics systems you should still find this book useful as Pycairo has its own unique quirks and features.

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Author

About the Author

Martin McBride

Martin McBride is a software developer, specialising in computer graphics, sound, and mathematical programming. He has been writing code since the 1980s in a wide variety of languages from assembler through to C++, Java and Python. He writes for PythonInformer.com and is the author of Functional Programming in Python. He is interested in generative art and works on the generativepy open source project.

Contents

Table of Contents

Foreword

  1. Who is this book for?
  2. About the author
  3. Keep in touch

1 Introduction to vector graphics

  1. 1.1 Pixel images
  2. 1.2 Size and resolution
  3. 1.3 Resizing pixel images
  4. 1.4 Drawing on pixel images
  5. 1.5 Vector graphics
  6. 1.6 Rendering
  7. 1.7 Typical uses
  8. 1.8 Benefits
  9. 1.9 Disadvantages
  10. 1.10 Common vector formats

2 About Pycairo

  1. 2.1 Cairo
  2. 2.2 Capabilities
  3. 2.3 Version
  4. 2.4 Installing Pycairo
  5. 2.5 Checking Pycairo version

3 Basic drawing operations

  1. 3.1 Creating an image with Pycairo
  2. 3.2 Coordinate system
  3. 3.3 Rectangles
  4. 3.4 Fill and stroke
  5. 3.5 Lines
  6. 3.6 Polygons
  7. 3.7 Open and closed shapes
  8. 3.8 Arcs
  9. 3.9 Circles
  10. 3.10 Bezier curves
  11. 3.11 Line styles

4 Paths and complex shapes

  1. 4.1 Paths
  2. 4.2 Sub-paths
  3. 4.3 Lines
  4. 4.4 Polygons
  5. 4.5 Arcs
  6. 4.6 Bezier curves
  7. 4.7 Function curves
  8. 4.8 Rectangle

5 Computer colour

  1. 5.1 RGB colour
  2. 5.2 Pycairo RGB colours
  3. 5.3 CSS named colours
  4. 5.4 Transparency
  5. 5.5 Transparency colour calculation
  6. 5.6 Transparent images
  7. 5.7 Greyscale images
  8. 5.8 Pixel colours

6 Transforms and state

  1. 6.1 User space and device space
  2. 6.2 Translation
  3. 6.3 Scaling
  4. 6.4 Rotation
  5. 6.5 Save and restore
  6. 6.6 Rotating about a point
  7. 6.7 Placing an ellipse
  8. 6.8 Correcting the effects of unequal scaling
  9. 6.9 Flipping
  10. 6.10 Current transform matrix

7 Working with text

  1. 7.1 Text is just shapes
  2. 7.2 How Pycairo handles text
  3. 7.3 Fonts
  4. 7.4 Font size
  5. 7.5 Font style
  6. 7.6 Text extents
  7. 7.7 Text extent examples
  8. 7.8 Text alignment

8 Gradients and image fills

  1. 8.1 Patterns
  2. 8.2 SolidPattern
  3. 8.3 Linear gradient
  4. 8.4 Linear gradients at different angles
  5. 8.5 Adding more stops
  6. 8.6 Extend options
  7. 8.7 Filling a stroke with a gradient
  8. 8.8 Filling text with a gradient
  9. 8.9 Radial gradients
  10. 8.10 Radial gradient with inner circle
  11. 8.11 Radial extend options
  12. 8.12 Loading an image into Pycairo
  13. 8.13 Using SurfacePattern with an image
  14. 8.14 SurfacePattern extend options
  15. 8.15 Using SurfacePattern with vectors

9 Clipping, masking and compositing

  1. 9.1 Clipping
  2. 9.2 Calling clip multiple times
  3. 9.3 Resetting the clip region
  4. 9.4 Clipping functions
  5. 9.5 Masking
  6. 9.6 Using an image as a mask
  7. 9.7 Compositing
  8. 9.8 OVER operator
  9. 9.9 Changing the drawing order
  10. 9.10 Masking operations
  11. 9.11 Artistic colour adjustments
  12. 9.12 Specific colour changes

10 Surfaces and output formats

  1. 10.1 Output formats
  2. 10.2 ImageSurface
  3. 10.3 SVGSurface
  4. 10.4 PDFSurface
  5. 10.5 PSSurface
  6. 10.6 RecordingSurface
  7. 10.7 ScriptSurface
  8. 10.8 TeeSurface
  9. 10.9 GUI surfaces

11 Integration with other libraries

  1. 11.1 How Pycairo stores image data
  2. 11.2 PIL (Pillow) integration
  3. 11.3 Numpy integration

12 Reference

  1. 12.1 Radians

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